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Psychology 11(3) Quiz #1 Name: Memory 1. Why is the retrieval process of recognition typically easier than recall? (4 points) The retrieval process of recognition is easier because it relies on cues and examples. (p. 229)

2. What is the difference between episodic and procedural memory? (4 points) Episodic memory refers to our memories of specific events in our lives that we experienced. (p. 230) Procedural memory refers to our knowledge of how to carry out a specific series of events in order to complete a specific task. (ie. Logging on and becoming a member of the Psychology WIKI.)

3. Explain the parallel distributed processing model of memory. (4 points) Parallel distributed processing suggests that new experiences provide information that is stored into memory and that the new information alters previously stored memories and changes our understanding of the world and how it operates. (p.233)

4. When using the concept of elaborative rehearsal, what do you do with new information in order to strengthen it in your memory?(4 points) You relate it to previously stored information. Elaborative rehearsal is a way to strengthen the encoding of memory into our long term memory. In elaborative rehearsal new information is related to already stored information in order to make it easier to remember. Ie. I meet a man named Bob who has curly hair and I think about a friend named Bob who also has curly hair to help me remember his name. (p. 232)

5. What does the term “magic number” refer to? (4 points) The term “magic number” refers to the limit (in a laboratory) of our short term memory. For most people, seven (plus or minus two) is the maximum number of meaningful groupings of information that they can remember. Think of phone numbers... (p. 237)

6. Summarize the findings of the Loftus & Palmer (1974) study. (Bonus: 2 points) Loftus and Palmer (1974) placed serious doubt on the reliability of eyewitness reports. Specifically, the study determined that the words used to ask a question of an eyewitness had a direct effect on what they remembered. Ie. Eyewitnesses were more likely to report high speeds if the word smashed was used instead of bumped.